Pondicherry University Syllabus 2024 UG/PG Courses Syllabus Online PDF

Exploring the Subject Matter of Economics Why study economics? – scope of economics – the economic problem: scarcity and choice – the question of what to produce, how to produce and how to distribute output – science of economics – the basic competitive model – prices, property rights and profits: incentives and information, rationing – opportunity sets – economic systems.

Role of Markets, their Functioning and Welfare Markets and competition – determinants of individual demand/supply, demand/supply schedule and demand/supply curve, market versus individual demand/supply, shifts in the demand/supply curve – demand and supply together – how prices allocate resources – elasticity and its application – controls on prices – taxes and the costs of taxation – consumer, producers and the efficiency of the markets.

The Households The consumption decisions – budget constraints, consumption and income/price changes, demand for all other goods and price changes – description of preferences – the investment decision – investment alternatives for a household – desirable attributes of investments – labor supply and savings decision – choice between leisure and consumption – labour force participation – tax policy and labour supply -human capital and education – budget constraints and savings – savings and interest rate, other factors affecting savings.

The Firm and Perfect Market Structure Financing, controlling and managing firms – the firm’ s legal form, corporate finance – why corporations care about financial structure – takeover and the market for managers – making decisions – centralization and decentralization – the boundaries of the firm. behaviour of profit maximizing firms and the production process – short run costs and output decisions.

Introduction to Macroeconomics and National Income Accounting The roots of macroeconomics – concerns over macroeconomic – the role of government in the macro economy – the components of the macro economy – the methodology of macroeconomics – concepts of national income – approaches to calculating national income – nominal and real income – issues on measurement of national income, the concept of black and green income

Meaning, Classification and Tabulation of Data Primary data and secondary data: definition, sources and method of collection – quantitative data: time series data, cross section data and pooled data – qualitative data – presentation of data (table) – Simple table, complex table (manifold table) – discrete frequency distribution table – continuous or grouped frequency distribution table – relative frequency distribution – cumulative frequency distribution: less than and more than – presentation of data (diagram) : line diagram, bar diagram (simple and multiple), pie diagram – presentation of data (graph): graph of time series or line graph, logarithmic graph, graph of frequency distribution (histogram, frequency polygon, frequency curve, cumulative frequency curve / ogive).

Measures of Central Tendency and Partition Values Meaning of average – types of average: arithmetic mean(for raw data, ungrouped frequency distribution and grouped frequency distribution), median (for raw data, ungrouped frequency distribution and grouped frequency distribution), mode (for raw data, ungrouped frequency distribution and grouped frequency distribution), geometric mean, harmonic mean (along with formula for each type of average, respective merits, demerits, uses and properties) – quartiles (for individual series, discrete frequency distribution and frequency distribution with class interval) – deciles (for individual series, discrete frequency distribution and frequency distribution with class interval) – percentiles (for individual series, discrete frequency distribution and frequency distribution with class interval).

Measures of Dispersion Meaning of dispersion – types of dispersion: range, quartile deviation, mean deviation, standard deviation and variance (along with absolute measure, the relative measure or coefficient of each type of dispersion) – coefficient of variation – combined standard deviation – Lorenz curve (application in income distribution).

Skewness and Kurtosis Skewness – meaning of skewness and symmetry in a distribution – symmetrical distribution – asymmetrical or skewed distribution – negatively skewed and positively skewed, measures of skewness: absolute measure – Karl Pearson’s coefficient of skewness – Bowley’s coefficient of skewness – definition, types and measures of kurtosis – Karl Pearson’s coefficient of kurtosis.

Moments Definition of central moments (both for individual series and frequency distribution) – properties of central moments – raw moments (both for individual series and frequency distribution) – moment generating function – purpose of moments.